Sunday, May 31, 2020

Venture Capital, Owner Financing Trade Credit - Free Essay Example

Venture Capital Venture capital represents a type of private equity capital that used to finance firms that are at the early- stage for elaboration of new products and services or at the development stage. The investors for venture capital, known as limited partners that comprise both wealthy individuals which have financial capital and institutions that have large amounts of available capital such as private state funds, pension funds, donations, foundations, insurance companies and mutual funds. Venture capital is also referred as risk capital which normally invested in private company. It involves investments in unquoted companies with growth potential and is generally medium to long term in nature made in exchange for a stake in a company. A venture capitalist can be an individual or investment firm who makes venture investment is expected to bring their managerial and technical expertise along with capital to their investments (en.wikipedia.org 2014). Young start-up c ompanies with high growth potential, most often in high technology industries such biotechnology and information technology(IT) turn to venture capitalists for funding as they cannot raise capital in the public markets and unable to a secure abank loanor complete adebt offering due to lack of collateral. These companies have a limited operating history and need additional funds in developing their business. By investing in small, unproven and less mature companies, venture capitalists assume high risk in exchange for significant influence on company decision and a portion of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ownership (en.wikipedia.org 2014). There are three major types of venture capital which include business start-ups, business development and management buyouts. In the stage of business start-ups, venture capital organization provide capital to the firms that need funding for marketing and product development to enable them to get off the ground. While, in the stage of business developm ent, venture capitalists organization may be willing to provide development capital for a company which wants to expand or invest in a new product or new market. The third type of venture capital is management buyouts which is the purchase of all or part of a business from its owner by its managers. Owner Financing Finance from the ownersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ personal sources is nearly always the initial source of finance for a business, whether from the owner or from family connections. At this stage because many assets are intangible, thus external financing is an unrealistic prospect and may be difficult to obtain (accaglobal.com 2014). As many small companies have weak financial base, they generally use internally generated funds in the form of personal savings or borrowing from family, relative and friend to start up a business. Trade Credit Trade credit is an important source of short-term finance, especially for small and fast growing companies. It is a kind of credit which defined as an arrangement to purchase of goods and services by one trader to another without making immediate cash or cheque payments(en.wikipedia.org 2014). A limit is usually set, commonly called credit terms once a business enters into trade credit arrangements with its suppliers (accaglobal.com2014). For example, a customer could set cash or cheque payment to be made within 10 days from the date of the invoice and this may give customers an advantage of obtaining any early payment discount. By using trade credit, small companies are able to delay payments to suppliers for goods and services that already purchased, which is useful in managing cash flow. One of the most important benefits of using trade credit is the reduction of transaction costs which involved in paying and managing invoices between suppliers and buyers. As trade credit separates the payment cycle from the delivery cycle and pay bills periodically instead of every time that goods are delivered, it helps in reducing the transaction costs. The amount of days of the credit term is determined by the company which allowing the credit to customers and is agreed upon both parties (accaglobal.com 2014). The indirect costs of making maximum use of trade credit include the loss of early payment discount and the loss of supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goodwill. VASILESCU, LAURA GIURCÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡(2011) VENTURE CAPITAL OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITS IN FINANCING THE SMES. Jul2011, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p107-110. 4p. https://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a3144830-ff08-475c-b230-435d8bd91e06%40sessionmgr113vid=0hid=124 en.wikipedia.org(2014) Venture Capital [Online] Available from :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital#Types [Accessed 9th November 2014] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital#Types https://www.boundless.com/finance/textbooks/boundless-finance-textbook/obtaining-capital-methods-of-long-term-financing-14/types-of-financing-107/venture-cap ital-456-3808/ Dagogo, Daibi W(2009) THE EFFECT OF VENTURE CAPITAL FINANCING ON THE ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED PROFILE OF NIGERIAN SMEs. Vol. 5 Issue 5, p37-51. 15p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts. https://web.a.ebscohost.com.tarcez.tarc.edu.my/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7236747c-426e-4a6a-8964-3f636959e061%40sessionmgr4003vid=0hid=4114 accaglobal.com(2014) Business Finance and The SME Sector [Online] Available from:https://www.accaglobal.com/my/en/student/acca-qual-student-journey/qual-resource/acca-qualification/f9/technical-articles/business-finance.html[Assessed 9th November 2014] www.accaglobal.com/my/en/student/acca-qual-student-journey/qual-resource/acca-qualification/f9/technical-articles/business-finance.html academia.edu(2011) Descriptive analysis on the pattern of SME financing in Malaysia [Online]Availablefrom:https://www.academia.edu/4916487/Descriptive_analysis_on_the_pattern_of_SME_financing_in_Malaysia https://www.academia.edu/4916487/Descriptive_analysis_on_the_patt ern_of_SME_financing_in_Malaysia accaglobal.com(2014) Trade credit is probably the easiest and most important source of short-term finance available to businesses[Online] Available from:https://www.accaglobal.com/my/en/business-finance/types-finance/trade-credit.html [Assessed 9th November 2014] https://www.accaglobal.com/my/en/business-finance/types-finance/trade-credit.html https://www.ipedr.com/vol4/11-F00028.pdf(tr) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_credit(2014) Trade credit [Online] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_credit [Assessed 9 November 2014]

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about Descartes vs. Spinoza - 1588 Words

Term Paper, Philosophy 1107 Aaron Davis Evaluation Comparison Between Descartes and Spinoza About The Paper: What I will do in this following paper is to discuss two very interesting philosophers, Rene Descartes and Benedictus de Spinoza. I will discuss each philosopher’s perspectives and insights on their most recognized theories and thoughts. I will then evaluate them and then give my opinion on the given topic. By doing this, I will contrast the similarities and differences between the two genius minds. By the end of the paper I will have discarded some ideas and opinions from each of the two and will have my own judgment that consists of thoughts from Spinoza, Descartes and my self put†¦show more content†¦The argument he made on this segment of his U-Turn concept was only half true. He was right on the fact that we can not distinguish the difference when in a dream state but wrong on the idea that same goes for when we are awake. As human begins we may not be able to have any reasoning, logic or understand the fact that we are dreaming but when we are not dreaming we can logically know we are awake and be able to know the difference between awake/sleep which means we don’t have to doubt common sense or mathematics anymore. If this is the case then Descartes U-Turn theory is wrong and the idea that the only thing we can be â€Å"certain† about is our own existence is false. Themes On Spinoza: Conception of God- Spinoza’s’ View - Spinoza went on a whole different direction when it came to God. Up to his point in time most people believed in a transcendent God, this meant that they believed in a personal God that was all loving, caring and would not deceive us human beings. People would prey to this personal God for various things like comfort and security, but Spinoza had his own belief. His conception was quite different from that of anyone else. His conception of God was non-personal (Non- Transcendent) and was the totality of everything that is immanent. He explained that our infiniteShow MoreRelatedDescartes vs. Spinoza on Substance2307 Words   |  10 Pagescomplicated manner, but Spinoza tried to answer this question in an exceptional way simply by describing God and His essence. Based on Spinoza’s views, God’s qualities can be referred to as attributes and modes are merely affections of a substance. This paper will provide a detailed view of Spinoza’s key ontological definition of God as the only substance, his attributes, and their co-relations. The study goes further to explore the major scholarly argument between Spinoza and Descartes, in regard to theirRead MoreSpinoza vs Descartes on God Essay3699 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract and Referential Ontology: Descartes Versus Spinoza on the Existence of God. The concept of God is central to the development of Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy. Although both philosophers employ an ontological argument for the existence and necessity of God the specific nature of God differs greatly with each account. While Descartes suggests a Judeo-Christian concept of God, Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most significant differenceRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 Pagesare most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomy and mechanics. These advancements were most likelyRead MoreRat ionalism vs. Irrationalism1607 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism vs. Irrationalism Jane Evans was spending a week at the Crown Point Ward girls camp. She and her friends were laughing and enjoying the crisp night air. They giggled and talked of crushes on boys and gossiped all night about the notorious girls at school. But the fun stopped when a rat bit one of the girls. Screaming, squirming and frightened, they worried and stayed awake for the remainder of the night. Unable to sleep, they decided to go indoors, to avoid anotherRead MoreThe Contributions Of Descartes And Hume3394 Words   |  14 PagesThe contributions of Descartes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The epistemic arguments place different restrictions on our ability have knowledgeRead MoreThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesradical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of British empiricism† after writing the 1690 Essay Concerning Human Understanding and within this thesis arguing directly against philosophers such as Descartes and particularly opposing views on innate ideas and how a person comes to conclusions of concepts and whether ideas are born into the mind from birth or not. Locke’s views were certainly not universally accepted but did help the rise of British empiricismRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages6 (2005), pp. 1185–1203; and S. E. Scullen, M. K. Mount, and T. A. Judge, â€Å"Evidence of the Construct Validity of Developmental Ratings of Managerial Performance,† Journal of Applied Psychology 88, no. 1 (2003), pp. 50–66. 9. F. Luthans, â€Å"Successful vs. Effective Real Managers,† Academy of Management Executive (May 1988), pp. 127–132; and F. Luthans, R. M. Hodgetts, and S. A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988). See also F. Shipper and J. Davy, â€Å"A Model and Investigation of

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Essay On Teenage Depression Example For Students

Essay On Teenage Depression Teenage depression is a growing problem in todays society and is often a major contributing factor for a multitude of adolescent problems. The statistics about teenage runaways, alcoholism, drug problems, pregnancy, eating disorders, and suicide are alarming. Even more startling are the individual stories behind these statistics because the young people involved come from all communities, all economic levels, all home situations-anyones family. The common link is often depression. For the individuals experiencing this crisis, the statistics become relatively meaningless. The difficult passage into adolescence and early adulthood can leave lasting scars on the lives and psyches of an entire generation of young men and women. There is growing realization that teenage depression can be life- changing, even life-threatening. (McCoy 21)Depression is a murky pool of feelings and actions scientists have been trying to understand since the days of Hippocrates, who called it a black bile. It has been called the common cold of mental illness and, like the cold, its difficult to quantify. (Arbetter 1) If feelings of great sadness or agitation last for much more than two weeks, it may be depression. For a long time, people who were feeling depressed were told to snap out of it. According to a study done by National Institute of Mental Health, half of all Americans still view depression as a personal weakness or character flaw. Depression, however, is considered a medical disorder and can affect thoughts, feelings, physical health, and behaviors. It interferes with daily life such as school, friends, and family. Clinical depression is the most incapacitating of all chronic conditions in terms of social functioning. (Salmans 11-12)Teenagers have always been vulnerable to depression for a variety of reasons. Its a confusing time of life because a teens body is changing along with their relationships. Teenagers constantly vacillate between strivings for independence from famil y and regressions to childish dependence on it. (Elkind 89) But todays teens face an additional challenge: Theyre growing up in a world quite different from that of their parents youth. Adolescents today are faced with stresses that were unknown to previous generations and are dealing with them in an often self-destructive way.Contemporary society has changed the perception of teenagers. New parental lifestyles, combined with changes in the economy, often give less time and energy for parents to devote to their offspring. Society all too often views teens for what they can be instead of for who they are. Who they are becomes the identity of teenagers today. They are confronted with the ambiguity of education, the dis!solution of family, the hostile commercialism of society, and the insecurity of relationships. (McCoy 16) This identity is fragile and is threatened by fears of rejection, feelings of failure, and of being different. These young people face stress in school as well with resources dwindling and campus violence and harassment increasing. Their sexual awakening comes in the age of AIDS, when sex can kill. In summary, teens today feel less safe, less empowered and less hopeful than we did a generation ago. Depression is a common concomitant to this struggle. (McCoy 36) It strikes 5% of teens and about 2% of children under 12. One in three adolescents in the nineties is at risk for serious depression. (Stern 28)Depression is the result of a complex mix of social, psychological, physical, and environmental factors. Teens with depressed parents are two to three times more likely to develop major depression. Genetic factors play a substantial but not overwhelming role in causing depression. (Dowling 37) Some type of significant loss can be a factor in triggering teenage depression. Loss can be due to death, divorce, separation, or loss of a family member, important friend or romantic interest. Loss can also be more subtle such as the loss of childhood, of a familiar way of being, of goals through achievement, or of boundaries and guidelines. (McCoy 46-48) Gender differences are becoming apparent, with girls having more difficulty with depression. Studies show girls are three times more likely than boys to suffer depression. A university study showed a close link between depression and negative body image and girls are usually more self-conscious about their bodies than boys. (Sol!in 157) The reasons for depression are not always clear-cut. Although some depressed, even suicidal teenagers come from extremely troubled backgrounds with a lifetime of difficulties at home and at school, the vast majority of depressed teens are not without resources, support, or love. They simply find, for a variety of reasons, that theyre feeling overwhelmed by a sensation of hopelessness and helplessness. It is imperative to realize that depression can happen to teenagers, even those who have everything going for them. It can happen to the best and brig htest of young people. (McCoy 27)Its hard to detect depression in teens because its a developmental stage characterized by considerable anger and withdrawal. Adolescents dont necessarily look sad and depressed and its normal for teens to have mood swings but within limits. A depressed teen may cry for help indirectly through troublesome, even destructive behavior and through physical symptoms. For a teenager to admit that he or she needs help feels like regressing back to childhood. To be a teen means to externalize feelings and deal with the world through action. (Arbetter 6) Depression ranks second only to advanced heart disease in exacting a physical toll, measured by days in bed and body pain. Its common for people with depressive disorders to complain about recurring headaches, backaches, chronic fatigue, and insomnia. Being sick can be a binding thing that keeps the teenager tied to parents, if the illness is the only time the teen receives attention and love from their parent s. (Dowling 127) The body may signal what the mind is saying through physical symptoms. The body expresses feelings and conflicts that the teenager is unable to verbalize. Physical ills are often viewed with more importance than emotional pain by parents, teachers, or even the teens themselves. (Papolos 36) Its much easier for adolescents to ask for medical care than for psychological help. They often have a great fear of being crazy or of being thought to be crazy. (McCoy 209) Another serious medical problem that is affecting more and more teens is an eating disor!der. An eating disorder often represents a teenagers attempt to gain some control by engaging in a behavior which can not be regulated by another person. One-third to one-half of patients with eating disorders have a major depressive illness at the same time. (Papolos 72)More than one million teens, most under the age of sixteen, run away from home every year. They are neither adventurous nor rebellious adolescents, but t eens tested and troubled by lifes circumstances. A young girl at a shelter for teenage runaways tries to explain why she has run away from home four times in the past two months. Drawing her blanket around her like a cocoon, the fourteen-year old quietly stares at the floor. Im no good to anyone, I get upset and fuss at home and it causes trouble for everyone. I had to run away to save my parents marriage. Unfortunately, this story is not at all unusual. (McCoy 22) Of the 1.2 million teen runaways in the United States, an estimated 300,000 have little hope or chance of returning home. They often feel things are hopeless and that their parents would never understand. Drug use is on the rise among teens as young as thirteen. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, about 4% of high school seniors use alcohol daily, while 92% have tried it. Millions of teens have had adverse experiences caused by excessive drinking. (Elkind 203) Researchers have found that d epressed teens are at particularly high risk for drug and alcohol abuse. Abuse of drugs, alcohol, or other substances are often used to assuage depression. Studies have found that when depressed patients were given treatment, alcohol and drug intake diminished as well. Substance abuse is seen as both a symptom and a cause of depression. (Papolos 66) There is more sexual activity among teenagers today than at any other time in our history. By the time they leave high school, some 90% of seniors are no longer virgins. Sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers have reached epidemic proportions. Eight million young people each year are infected with a sexually transmitted disease. Every thirty seconds, another U.S. teenager is infected. (Elkind 71) Sexual acting-out , which can not only be life-changing, but also life-threatening in this age of AIDS, can become an antidote to the loneliness and isolation many teenagers feel. Sexual activity is often used as an attempt to deal with f eelings of depression, to increase self-esteem by feeling wanted and to achieve intimacy. (McCoy 21)Approximately 3,000 teenage girls in the United States will get pregnant today. An estimated 3 million teenage girls become pregnant each year. Beth is a shy, quiet eighth-grader who is expecting a baby in two months. Beth admits her pregnancy was intentional and she plans to keep her baby because then Ill have someone of my own who will love me for sure. I wont be alone anymore. This illusion of unconditional love, coupled with a lack of insight into the unrelenting demands that the complete dependence of an infant brings leads a number of girls to seek pregnancy.Some teens see parenthood as a way to recapture the joy of childhood they are losing, a way to be loved and important to someone else, or as an antidote to depression. (McCoy 81-82) Suicide among teenagers has skyrocketed 200% in the last decade. If we were talking about mononucleosis or meningitis wed call this an epidemic . (Solin 155) Suicide has become the second leading cause of death among older teenagers. Adolescents are particularly at risk for suicide attempts because they progress through a variety of rapid developmental stages. The seriously depressed teen may often have a sense of hopelessness. Many teens are too immobilized by depression to see any alternatives or to take any positive steps toward change. (Salmans 40) All too often depressed teenagers dont have the experience to know that time heals, that there is always hope. They dont realize that they can survive a crisis and perhaps even learn from it. Life is often seen in absolutes which intensifies any crisis. (McCoy 64)The destructive potential of serious teenage depression can have many long-lasting aftereffects. Having and keeping a baby, getting into trouble with the law, sustaining a serious injury as the result of risk-taking behavior or stunting ones emotional growth by anesthetizing painful feelings with drugs or alcohol ca n have a great impact on ones future. It can prevent a young adult from having a full, healthy, and productive life or make it considerably more difficult to do so. Depression is a growing problem amongst todays teenagers. Depression brings with it many problems that can be self-destructive. If a teenager has the benefit of early intervention and help in coping with his or her depression, however, the life script can be quite different. (McCoy 66-67) Works CitedArbetter, Sandra. Depression: Way Beyond the Blues. Current Health Dec. 1993:4-10. Appearances - A Universal Concern EssayDowling, Colette. I Dont You Mean Have to Feel this Way? New York: Macmillan, 1991Elkind, David. Parenting Your Teenager. New York:Ballantine Books, 1993McCoy, Kathleen. Understanding Your Teenagers Depression. New York: Perigee Books, 1994Papolos, Demitri and Papolos, Janice. Overcoming Depression. New York: Harper, 1987Salmans, Sandra. Depression: Questions you have Answers you need. Allentown, PA: Peoples Medical Society, 1995. Solin, Sabrina. I Did not Want to Live Seventeen Apr. 1995: 155-157Stern, Loraine. I Feel So Sad Womans Day Oct. 1994: 28.